Lockability of two-way distillable entanglement

Unsolved ID op_7ceb25c3fe5c9403 Last edited 4 September 2026
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Problem

Can discarding one local qubit reduce two-way distillable entanglement by an arbitrarily large amount? Let \(D_{\leftrightarrow}(A:B)_\rho\) denote the asymptotic singlet-distillation rate of \(\rho_{AB}\) under local operations and unrestricted two-way classical communication. The question is whether there are finite-dimensional states \(\rho^{(r)}_{A_ra:B_r}\), with \(\dim a=2\), such that

\begin{equation} D_{\leftrightarrow}(A_ra:B_r)_{\rho^{(r)}} -D_{\leftrightarrow}(A_r:B_r)_{\operatorname{Tr}_a\rho^{(r)}} \xrightarrow[r\to\infty]{}\infty. \tag{1} \end{equation}

Equation (1) requires an unbounded loss while the discarded subsystem has fixed dimension two.

Source

Horodecki et al. prove lockability of one-way distillable entanglement and explicitly leave the two-way quantity unresolved [HHHO05].

Progress

  • Horodecki, Horodecki, Horodecki, and Oppenheim constructed families in which discarding one qubit causes an unbounded loss of entanglement of formation, entanglement cost, logarithmic negativity, or one-way distillable entanglement. These results do not establish Eq. (1), which allows unrestricted two-way communication [HHHO05].

  • The same work proved that discarding one qubit decreases the relative entropy of entanglement by at most two ebits, but explicitly left lockability of unrestricted distillable entanglement open. No corresponding universal bound is known for \(D_{\leftrightarrow}\) [HHHO05].

Comment

The remaining gap is to construct a family satisfying Eq. (1) or prove a dimension-independent upper bound on the loss of \(D_{\leftrightarrow}\). The one-way analogue is already known to be lockable.

References

[HHHO05]
K. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, and J. Oppenheim, “Locking Entanglement with a Single Qubit,” Physical Review Letters 94, 200501 (2005).DOIarXiv

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“Lockability of two-way distillable entanglement,” Quantum Information and Quantum Computation Open Problem Zoo (QIQCOP Zoo), ID op_7ceb25c3fe5c9403, accessed 2026-09-08.

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@incollection{qiqcop_op_7ceb25c3fe5c9403,
  title = {Lockability of two-way distillable entanglement},
  booktitle = {Quantum Information and Quantum Computation Open Problem Zoo (QIQCOP Zoo)},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://qiqc-op.com/problem/op_7ceb25c3fe5c9403/}},
  note = {Stable ID op_7ceb25c3fe5c9403; status: Unsolved; accessed 2026-09-08}
}

Plain text

“Lockability of two-way distillable entanglement,” Quantum Information and Quantum Computation Open Problem Zoo (QIQCOP Zoo), https://qiqc-op.com/problem/op_7ceb25c3fe5c9403/, ID op_7ceb25c3fe5c9403, accessed 2026-09-08.

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op_7ceb25c3fe5c9403
01M1HME780CAT6PDF6X8ZEV5VP