Honest-party lockability of distillable key

Unsolved ID op_f1e5a1cad168b38b Last edited 4 September 2026
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Problem

Can loss of one qubit held by an honest party reduce the two-way distillable secret key by an arbitrarily large amount? Let \(K_D(A:B)_\rho\) denote the asymptotic secret-key rate obtainable from \(\rho_{AB}\) by local operations and public two-way classical communication, with an adversary holding a purification. The question is whether there are finite-dimensional states \(\rho^{(r)}_{A_ra:B_r}\), with \(\dim a=2\), such that

\begin{equation} K_D(A_ra:B_r)_{\rho^{(r)}} -K_D(A_r:B_r)_{\operatorname{Tr}_a\rho^{(r)}} \xrightarrow[r\to\infty]{}\infty. \tag{1} \end{equation}

Equation (1) is the \(AB\)-locking question: the discarded qubit belongs to Alice rather than being transferred to the adversary.

Source

Christandl et al. explicitly ask whether distillable key is lockable when the discarded subsystem is held by an honest party [CEH+07].

Progress

  • Christandl and collaborators proved that transferring a bounded subsystem to the adversary cannot cause an unbounded loss of distillable key. They explicitly left the distinct honest-party, or \(AB\)-, locking problem open, even for classical tripartite states [CEH+07].

  • Horodecki and collaborators established non-lockability bounds for restricted families of private states. They identify the arbitrary-state version of Eq. (1) as unresolved, including a specified product-system special case [HSK+21].

Comment

The unresolved scope is \(AB\)-lockability of \(K_D\) for arbitrary states, as formalized in Eq. (1). It excludes both the non-lockable adversary-side operation and the restricted private-state families covered by existing bounds.

References

[CEH+07]
M. Christandl, A. Ekert, M. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, J. Oppenheim, and R. Renner, “Unifying Classical and Quantum Key Distillation,” in Theory of Cryptography Conference 2007, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4392, 456–478 (Springer, 2007).DOIarXiv
[HSK+21]
K. Horodecki, M. Studziński, R. P. Kostecki, O. Sakarya, and D. Yang, “Upper Bounds on the Leakage of Private Data and an Operational Approach to Markovianity,” Physical Review A 104, 052422 (2021).DOIarXiv

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“Honest-party lockability of distillable key,” Quantum Information and Quantum Computation Open Problem Zoo (QIQCOP Zoo), ID op_f1e5a1cad168b38b, accessed 2026-09-08.

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@incollection{qiqcop_op_f1e5a1cad168b38b,
  title = {Honest-party lockability of distillable key},
  booktitle = {Quantum Information and Quantum Computation Open Problem Zoo (QIQCOP Zoo)},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://qiqc-op.com/problem/op_f1e5a1cad168b38b/}},
  note = {Stable ID op_f1e5a1cad168b38b; status: Unsolved; accessed 2026-09-08}
}

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“Honest-party lockability of distillable key,” Quantum Information and Quantum Computation Open Problem Zoo (QIQCOP Zoo), https://qiqc-op.com/problem/op_f1e5a1cad168b38b/, ID op_f1e5a1cad168b38b, accessed 2026-09-08.

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op_f1e5a1cad168b38b
01M1HME780G89RD9W1SZ24KSRP